MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY VALUE X
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Description of Shaking Severity: Very Violent
Summary Description Used on Maps: Extreme Damage
Full Description: Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, etc. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat land. Rails bent slightly.

Full descriptions are from: Richter, C.F., 1958. Elementary Seismology. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, pp. 135-149; 650-653.

 


Artwork is courtesy of the Campagna Mulitmediale di Informazione of the Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale in Italy ("Italia"). Molto gracie.

jbp 9/18/03