MODIFIED
MERCALLI INTENSITY VALUE
IX
|
 |
| Description
of Shaking Severity: Violent |
| Summary
Description Used on Maps: Heavy Damage |
| Full Description:
General
panic. Masonry D (see previous page for masonry definitions) destroyed;
masonry C heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; masonry
B seriously damaged. (General damage to foundations.) Frame structures,
if not bolted, shifted off foundations. Frames racked. Serious damage
to reservoirs. Underground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground.
In alluvial areas sand and mud ejected, earthquake fountains, sand
craters. |
|
Full descriptions
are from: Richter, C.F., 1958. Elementary Seismology.
W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, pp. 135-149; 650-653.
|
Artwork is courtesy of the Campagna Mulitmediale di
Informazione of the Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale in
Italy ("Italia"). Molto gracie.
|
| jbp
9/18/03 |